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Avian whiffling-inspired gaps provide an alternative method for roll control.

Piper Sigrest1, Daniel J Inman1

  • 1Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.

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|May 24, 2022
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Summary

Bird wing-inspired gaps in uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) wings show promise for roll control. This novel mechanism mimics avian whiffling, offering an energy-efficient alternative to traditional ailerons for banking maneuvers.

Keywords:
aileronavian whifflingbankingbio-inspirationrapid descentroll controlspoiler

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Area of Science:

  • Aerospace Engineering
  • Bio-inspired Design
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Avian whiffling involves inverted flight with wing gaps, potentially aiding maneuverability.
  • This biological mechanism has aerodynamic parallels to uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) control surfaces like spoilers and ailerons.
  • Whiffling has not yet been directly applied to aerodynamic design for UAVs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if trailing edge wing gaps, inspired by bird whiffling, can serve as an effective control mechanism for UAVs.
  • To evaluate the potential of these gaps for rapid descent and banking control.
  • To compare the performance of gapped wings against traditional spoilers and ailerons.

Main Methods:

  • Wind tunnel testing of 3D printed wings with variable trailing edge gaps.
  • Comparison of lift and rolling moment coefficients with traditional spoilers and ailerons.
  • Analytical estimation of actuation force and work for gaps, spoilers, and ailerons.

Main Results:

  • Gapped wings showed reduced lift compared to spoilers but required more work.
  • At high angles of attack, gapped wings generated rolling moment coefficients comparable to significant aileron deflections.
  • Actuation force and work for gapped wings were substantially lower than for ailerons.

Conclusions:

  • Whiffling-inspired wing gaps are not optimal for rapid descent compared to spoilers.
  • Gapped wings offer a viable, energy-efficient alternative to ailerons for roll control in UAVs.
  • This bio-inspired approach presents a novel control mechanism for small, energy-constrained fixed-wing UAVs.