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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Flow-based allergen testing: Can mast cells beat basophils?

Didier G Ebo1, Kevin Heremans2, Michiel Beyens2

  • 1University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Antwerp (Belgium) and Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Allergology, AZ Jan Palfijn Gent, Ghent, Belgium.

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|May 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The passive mast cell activation test (pMAT) offers advantages over the basophil activation test (BAT) for allergy diagnosis. pMAT utilizes serum samples and can detect IgE-independent hypersensitivity via MRGPRX2 activation.

Keywords:
BasophilsFlow cytometryHypersensitivityIgEMRGPRX2Mast cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy Diagnostics
  • Cellular Assays

Background:

  • The basophil activation test (BAT) is a complementary diagnostic tool for IgE-dependent allergies but has limitations.
  • BAT requires fresh blood, is difficult to standardize, and fails in non-responder patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the utility of passive mast cell activation tests (pMAT) in diagnosing allergic hypersensitivity.
  • To explore the potential of pMAT in evaluating IgE-independent hypersensitivity via MRGPRX2.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on BAT and pMAT.
  • Comparison of BAT and pMAT methodologies, sample requirements, and diagnostic capabilities.
  • Discussion of Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) pathway in mast cells.

Main Results:

  • pMAT uses stable serum samples, enabling batch testing and shipping to reference centers.
  • pMAT can be performed on patients with non-responder basophils.
  • Mast cells (MCs), unlike basophils, express MRGPRX2, allowing investigation of IgE-independent reactions.

Conclusions:

  • pMAT presents a more versatile and standardized alternative to BAT for allergy diagnostics.
  • pMAT's ability to assess MRGPRX2-mediated reactions expands its diagnostic scope to non-allergic hypersensitivity.