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Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...

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A new day for human challenge trials?

Abie Rohrig¹, Nir Eyal²

¹Swarthmore College, New York, NY, USA.

Trends in Molecular Medicine

|May 24, 2022

Summary

The first human challenge trial for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) provides valuable data. This study supports the justification for conducting further human challenge trials for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.

Keywords:

COVID-19 controlled human infection model human challenge trials research ethics vaccine ethics

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Last Updated: Sep 22, 2025

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Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Clinical Trials
Epidemiology

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred extensive research and debate.
Human challenge trials, though controversial, offer unique insights into disease dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the findings of the first published COVID-19 human challenge trial.
To argue for the continued importance and justification of human challenge trials for COVID-19 and other diseases.

Main Methods:

Review of the published results from Killingley et al.'s COVID-19 human challenge study.
Analysis of the current pandemic context to support the rationale for challenge trials.

Main Results:

The first COVID-19 human challenge trial has yielded significant findings.
The study provides a basis for understanding SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics in a controlled setting.

Conclusions:

The findings from the initial COVID-19 challenge trial are crucial.
Conducting further challenge trials is scientifically justified and important at this stage of the pandemic and beyond.