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Gaze patterns reveal aesthetic distance while viewing art.

Manuela M Marin^1,2, Helmut Leder¹

¹Department of Cognition, Emotion and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

|May 24, 2022

Summary

Philosophical aesthetic distance was tested using eye tracking. Findings show affective content, not complexity, influences viewing modes for art versus nature scenes, suggesting different processing for aesthetic experiences.

Keywords:

disinterested contemplation emotional distance empirical aesthetics eye movements scene perception

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroaesthetics
Philosophy of Art

Background:

Western philosophy posits aesthetic experiences are distinct from everyday pleasures, mediated by mental states like aesthetic distance.
Empirical investigation is needed to determine if basic perceptual processes reflect aesthetic distance, particularly in visual art perception.

Purpose of the Study:

To empirically investigate the concept of aesthetic distance in visual art perception.
To examine how affective content and stimulus composition influence information intake during aesthetic experiences.
To compare perceptual processing of representational paintings versus environmental scenes.

Main Methods:

Two eye tracking experiments were conducted with 59 participants.
Visual stimuli included representational paintings and environmental scenes, presented for 25s and 6s.
Linear mixed-effects models analyzed the impact of affective content, stimulus composition, and presentation duration.

Main Results:

Affective content (pleasantness, arousal) significantly influenced viewing patterns for paintings versus scenes.
Representational paintings with higher aesthetic pleasantness induced slower, deeper processing compared to motivational environmental scenes.
Longer presentation durations increased scanning behavior during visual art perception.

Conclusions:

Aesthetic distance may be better understood through distinct viewing modes rather than solely cognitive states.
Affective dimensions of stimuli play a crucial role in modulating perceptual processing during aesthetic experiences.
Empirical evidence supports a distinction between aesthetic perception and everyday sensory processing.