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3D Printing Phosphonium Ionic Liquid Networks with Mask Projection Microstereolithography.

Alison R Schultz1, Philip M Lambert2, Nicholas A Chartrain2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Macromolecular and Interfaces Institute, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.

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Summary

This study introduces 3D printed phosphonium polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) using microstereolithography. These materials offer tunable properties and high ion conductivity, ideal for advanced electro-active membranes.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) are advanced materials with tunable properties.
  • 3D printing offers precise fabrication of complex structures.
  • Developing PILs for specific applications like electro-active membranes requires tailored material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for 3D printing phosphonium PILs with high resolution and controlled properties.
  • To investigate the relationship between material composition and the performance of 3D printed PILs.
  • To evaluate the suitability of these 3D printed PILs for electro-active membrane technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized photopolymerization and mask projection microstereolithography.
  • Varied phosphonium monomer concentration, diacrylate cross-linker content, and digital display images.
  • Characterized material properties including thermal stability, glass transition temperature, optical clarity, and ion conductivity.

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated various 3D printed phosphonium PILs with high digital resolution and low UV light requirements.
  • Achieved tunable properties such as thermal stability, glass transition temperature, and ion conductivity.
  • Demonstrated a systematic increase in ion conductivity with higher ionic liquid monomer content.
  • Confirmed the formation of a robust polymerized ionic liquid network with over 95% gel fraction.

Conclusions:

  • 3D printing of phosphonium PILs is feasible using microstereolithography, enabling precise control over structure and properties.
  • The resulting materials exhibit excellent thermal stability, optical clarity, and ion conductivity.
  • These 3D printed PILs are highly promising for applications in electro-active membrane technologies.