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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Polymer Side Chain Modification Alters Phase Separation in Ferroelectric-Semiconductor Polymer Blends for Organic

Gregory M Su1, Eunhee Lim2, Andrew R Jacobs2

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Modifying semiconducting polythiophene side chains controls domain size in blends with ferroelectric polymers, enabling tunable organic ferroelectric resistive switches with good performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Organic Electronics

Background:

  • Organic ferroelectric resistive switches are promising for next-generation electronics.
  • Controlling phase separation in polymer blends is crucial for device performance.
  • Polythiophene and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) are key materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how side chain modification of polythiophene affects phase separation in blends with PVDF-TrFE.
  • To explore the impact of these blends on the performance of organic ferroelectric resistive switches.
  • To determine if domain size can be controlled via polymer weight fraction.

Main Methods:

  • Thin film blend fabrication of poly[3-(ethyl- 5-pentanoate)thiophene-2,5-diyl] (P3EPT) and PVDF-TrFE.
  • Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) to analyze crystallinity and crystallite orientation.
  • Fabrication and characterization of resistive switches using these blends.

Main Results:

  • P3EPT/PVDF-TrFE blends exhibit smaller domain sizes than previously reported.
  • Domain size is controllable by adjusting the weight fraction of P3EPT.
  • P3EPT shows significant crystallinity with bimodal crystallite orientations.
  • Resistive switches demonstrate memristive switching behavior and good ON/OFF ratios across various blend compositions.

Conclusions:

  • Side chain modification of polythiophene offers a route to control nanostructure in polymer blends.
  • Tunable domain sizes in P3EPT/PVDF-TrFE blends are beneficial for organic ferroelectric resistive switches.
  • These materials show potential for developing high-performance organic electronic devices.