Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Influence of Affect on Cognition01:29

The Influence of Affect on Cognition

4
Positive affect significantly influences cognitive processes, including evaluation, memory, creativity, and social judgments. Compared to negative affect, positive emotional states promote more favorable interpretations of stimuli, cognitive flexibility, and heuristic processing. These effects highlight emotions' powerful role in shaping how individuals perceive, remember, and interact with the world.Influence on Evaluation and AttributionWhen individuals experience positive affect, they are...
4
Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion01:20

Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion

650
Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, which emphasizes the interplay between physiological arousal and cognitive labeling in forming emotional experiences. This theory suggests that emotions are not simply a result of physiological responses but rather a combination of these responses and the individual's cognitive interpretation of them.
Physiological Arousal and Cognitive Labeling
According to this theory, when an individual experiences...
650
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

276
Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
276
Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

182
Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
182
Autobiographical Memory01:14

Autobiographical Memory

5.9K
Autobiographical memory is a unique type of episodic memory that involves recollecting personal life experiences. It allows individuals to remember significant events from their past, creating a narrative of their lives. One interesting phenomenon related to autobiographical memory is the reminiscence bump. This effect refers to the tendency of adults to recall more events from their second and third decades of life — typically between ages 10 to 30 — than from other periods. This...
5.9K
Labeling Emotion01:20

Labeling Emotion

255
Emotional labeling is a cognitive process that involves identifying and naming one's emotions, such as anger, fear, happiness, or sadness. It allows individuals to recognize and express their internal emotional states, a critical aspect of emotional regulation and communication. Labeling emotions requires more than mere recognition; it also involves drawing upon memory and contextual cues to understand the current situation and apply a corresponding emotional label. For instance, feeling...
255

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Emotional valence boosts partial and specific source memory.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same author

Context reinstatement effects in younger and older adults' memory: A meta-analysis.

Psychology and aging·2026
Same author

Emotion-enhanced source memory: effects of age and experimental setting.

Cognition & emotion·2025
Same author

Prevalence of Differences of Sex Development Among Pediatric Endocrine Care Centers in Switzerland From 2000 to 2019.

Journal of the Endocrine Society·2025
Same author

When confidence reveals more than recognition performance does: The case of context load.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2024
Same author

Information accumulation on the item versus source test of source monitoring: Insights from diffusion modeling.

Memory & cognition·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

16.8K

Is there an emotionality effect in older adults' source memory?

Nikoletta Symeonidou1, Abdolaziz Hassan1, Isabel Porstein1

  • 1Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.

Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition. Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition
|May 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Older adults do not show enhanced source memory for emotional images, despite rating positive images more favorably. This suggests an associative deficit hinders memory recall in older age.

Keywords:
Source memoryagingemotionmultinomial modelingpositivity effect

More Related Videos

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

9.9K
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation
14:04

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation

Published on: August 26, 2011

12.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

16.8K
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

9.9K
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation
14:04

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation

Published on: August 26, 2011

12.6K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience of Aging
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • The socioemotional selectivity theory and age-related positivity effect suggest older adults prioritize positive information.
  • Previous research indicates age-related differences in memory processing, particularly for emotional content.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate source memory enhancement for emotionally valenced sources in older adults.
  • To compare age-related differences in memory for positive, negative, and neutral sources.
  • To examine if older adults exhibit a greater positivity effect in source memory than younger adults.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments utilized positive, negative, and neutral pictures as sources for neutral word items.
  • A multinomial processing tree model analyzed memory data to differentiate memory processes from guessing bias.
  • Participants rated word pleasantness to assess implicit emotional processing.

Main Results:

  • An age-related positivity effect was observed in pleasantness ratings, with older adults rating positive stimuli more favorably.
  • This positivity effect did not extend to source memory performance in older adults.
  • Younger adults showed a general emotionality effect in source memory, which was absent in older adults.

Conclusions:

  • Older adults' source memory is not enhanced by emotional valence, contrary to expectations based on the positivity effect.
  • A significant associative deficit in older adults may impede their ability to link items to emotional sources.
  • Focusing on emotional sources may not overcome age-related difficulties in binding information, impacting source memory recall.