Methods to evaluate vascular function: a crucial approach towards predictive, preventive, and personalised medicine

Area of Science:

• Vascular Biology and Medicine
• Cardiovascular Research
• Biomarker Discovery

Background:

• The endothelium acts as a critical barrier regulating vascular tone, haemostasis, and inflammation.
• Endothelial dysfunction underlies various cardiovascular, renal, and cerebrovascular diseases, and is implicated in COVID-19.
• Endothelial cells are a vital therapeutic target for predictive, preventive, and personalized (3P) medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances in measuring endothelial function.
• To provide an overview of invasive and non-invasive techniques for assessing vascular function.
• To discuss mechanisms of vascular regulation and novel biomarkers for endothelial damage.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of invasive and non-invasive techniques for endothelial function assessment.
• Analysis of mechanisms regulating vascular function and dysfunction.
• Identification and discussion of potential biomarkers of endothelial damage.

Main Results:

• Endothelial dysfunction is an early indicator of vascular disease, necessitating monitoring.
• Non-invasive techniques offer a feasible approach to assess endothelial function alongside clinical imaging.
• New biomarkers are crucial for identifying endothelial damage and enabling personalized vascular care.

Conclusions:

• Early identification of vascular dysfunction via non-invasive methods enhances predictive diagnostics and prevention strategies.
• Recognizing biomarkers of endothelial damage facilitates a transition to 3P medicine in vascular care.
• Targeting vascular dysfunction offers personalized treatment opportunities.