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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Isolation and Characterization of a Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Subpopulation Having Stem Cell Characteristics
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IDH mutation and cancer stem cell.

Yang Zhang1, Yang Liu1, Fengchao Lang1

  • 1Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD 20892, U.S.A.

Essays in Biochemistry
|May 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) are linked to cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their maintenance. Targeting IDH pathways may offer new strategies to combat cancer by affecting CSCs.

Keywords:
Cancer stem cellD-2-hydroxyglutarateIDH1 mutationdifferentiationmethylationstemness

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Stem Cell Biology
  • Metabolic Reprogramming

Background:

  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive oncogenesis, progression, and therapeutic resistance in human cancers.
  • CSCs share similarities with human pluripotent stem cells.
  • Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are recognized as key founder mutations in various human cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between IDH mutations and the establishment and maintenance of CSCs.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying IDH-mutated CSCs.
  • To identify IDH mutation-related pathways as potential therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of molecular signatures in IDH-mutated CSCs.
  • Investigation of oncometabolite biosynthesis.
  • Assessment of metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic shifts.

Main Results:

  • IDH mutations are closely associated with the establishment and maintenance of CSCs.
  • Distinct molecular signatures, including oncometabolite production, metabolic reprogramming, and epigenetic alterations, characterize IDH-mutated CSCs.
  • IDH mutation-related pathways influence CSC components.

Conclusions:

  • IDH mutations play a significant role in CSC biology.
  • Targeting IDH and its related pathways presents a promising strategy for cancer treatment by impacting CSCs.
  • This approach could potentially improve patient outcomes in IDH-mutated cancers.