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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

298
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
298
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

629
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
629

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

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[Structural epilepsy or herpes simplex encephalitis relapse: diagnostic problems].

E Yu Gorelik1, N V Skripchenko1,2, A A Vilnits1,2

  • 1Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|May 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case study highlights a child

Keywords:
Cytoflavinacyclovirchildrenepilepsyherpes simplex encephalitisintrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulinstherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) can present with recurrent or refractory seizures.
  • Differentiating late HSE relapse from structural epilepsy is clinically challenging.

Observation:

  • A pediatric case of relapsed herpes simplex encephalitis with anticonvulsant-resistant seizures is presented.
  • Clinical evaluation focused on distinguishing between structural epilepsy and late HSE relapse.

Findings:

  • Intrathecal synthesis of IgG-specific antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 indicated HSE relapse.
  • Etiotropic treatment with acyclovir and pathogenetic therapy using Cytoflavin achieved rapid, stable remission.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering HSE relapse in refractory pediatric seizures.
  • Prompt diagnosis and targeted antiviral and supportive therapy can lead to significant neurological recovery.