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Worldwide suicide mortality trends by firearm (1990-2019): A joinpoint regression analysis
Irena Ilic1, Ivana Zivanovic Macuzic2, Sanja Kocic3
1Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Plos One
|May 25, 2022
Summary
Global firearm suicide mortality decreased significantly from 1990-2019, with rates six times higher in males. While most countries saw declines, further research is needed for effective reduction strategies.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Global Health
Background:
- Firearm suicide poses a significant global public health challenge.
- Limited studies have comprehensively assessed worldwide firearm suicide mortality trends.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze global, regional, and national trends in firearm suicide mortality between 1990 and 2019.
- To identify variations in firearm suicide rates across different countries and sexes.
Main Methods:
- Utilized global mortality data for firearm suicide.
- Employed age-standardized rates (ASRs) per 100,000 population.
- Applied Joinpoint regression analysis to determine average annual percent change (AAPC) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).
Main Results:
- In 2019, 52,694 firearm suicides occurred globally, with males accounting for the majority.
- Global ASRs were six times higher in males (1.15/100,000) than females (0.19/100,000).
- Rates varied widely, with Greenland and the USA having the highest, and China, Japan, and Singapore the lowest.
- Overall global firearm suicide mortality showed a decreasing trend from 1990 to 2019 (AAPC = -2.0%).
Conclusions:
- Firearm suicide mortality generally decreased globally between 1990 and 2019.
- Observed decreasing trends in most countries, but exceptions exist.
- Further research is crucial to develop more effective strategies for reducing firearm suicide mortality.
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