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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...

Polymers

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...

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Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

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Amphiphilic Polymer Conetworks Based on End-Linked "Core-First" Star Block Copolymers: Structure Formation with

Eleni J Kepola, Elena Loizou, Costas S Patrickios

¹Large Scale Structures Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20 156, Grenoble F-38042 Cedex 9, France.

ACS Macro Letters

|May 26, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel amphiphilic polymer conetworks that self-assemble into ordered lamellar phases. These materials offer improved mechanical properties and are synthesized using a straightforward method.

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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

Published on: October 10, 2016

Area of Science:

Polymer Chemistry
Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Amphiphilic polymer conetworks are known for swelling in diverse solvents and exhibiting nanoscale phase separation.
Previous studies reported only short-range order and disordered morphologies in these systems.
Controlling the nanoscale architecture of polymer networks remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To report the first example of amphiphilic polymer conetworks forming a lamellar phase with long-range order.
To demonstrate a simple method for producing these ordered mesoscopic systems.
To investigate the mechanical properties of the resulting ordered conetworks.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of end-linked "core-first" star block copolymers.
Formation of amphiphilic polymer conetworks.
Characterization of nanoscale morphology and phase behavior.
Evaluation of mechanical properties.

Main Results:

Successfully synthesized amphiphilic polymer conetworks exhibiting long-range ordered lamellar phases.
Demonstrated a facile production method for these ordered materials.
Observed significantly improved mechanical properties compared to disordered counterparts.

Conclusions:

Amphiphilic polymer conetworks can achieve long-range nanoscale order, specifically a lamellar phase.
The "core-first" star block copolymer approach provides a viable route to ordered conetworks.
These ordered materials present enhanced mechanical performance, opening avenues for advanced applications.