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Early Word Segmentation Behind the Mask.

Sónia Frota1, Jovana Pejovic1, Marisa Cruz1

  • 1Center of Linguistics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The COVID-19 pandemic, particularly face masks, may have negatively impacted infants' early word segmentation and language development. Audiovisual cues offered some support, but overall abilities declined compared to pre-pandemic levels.

Keywords:
COVID-19audiovisual speechauditory speechearly word segmentationface maskprosodic edgespeech perception

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Speech Perception
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Infants utilize both auditory and visual cues for speech processing.
  • Early word segmentation is a crucial developmental milestone.
  • COVID-19 related changes, like face masks, potentially altered speech cue salience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of face masks on infants' (7-9 months) word segmentation abilities.
  • To assess changes in acoustic and visual speech cues due to face masks.
  • To compare current findings with pre-pandemic data and evaluate developmental impacts.

Main Methods:

  • Auditory and audiovisual word segmentation experiments were conducted with 7-9-month-old infants.
  • Two conditions were tested: without and with an FFP2 face mask.
  • Infant attention to visual cues (mouth, eyes) and looking times were analyzed.
  • Cognitive and language development were assessed using the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales (CSBS).

Main Results:

  • No evidence of word segmentation was found, irrespective of mask condition or presentation type.
  • Infants showed increased attention to the screen and mouth (less to eyes) in the audiovisual condition without masks.
  • An advantage for utterance-edge position in emerging segmentation was observed.
  • Pre-COVID infants demonstrated significantly higher looking times for edge targets than current infants.
  • Current infants scored significantly lower on CSBS measures compared to pre-COVID normative data.

Conclusions:

  • Face masks attenuated speech cues, potentially hindering early word segmentation.
  • Audiovisual information partially supported developing segmentation abilities.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic appears to have had an adverse effect on infants' early segmentation and language development.
  • Longitudinal studies are needed to understand the long-term developmental trajectory.