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Related Concept Videos

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

246
Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
246
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

391
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
391
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

347
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
347
Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

351
Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
351
Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

217
The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
217
Breathing01:05

Breathing

60.4K
The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
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Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS
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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Pregnancy.

Sunil T Pandya1, Sai J Krishna1

  • 1Department of Anaesthesia, Peri-operative Medicine and Critical Care, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine : Peer-Reviewed, Official Publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine
|May 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in pregnancy requires specialized care. Management focuses on ventilatory support, with options like noninvasive ventilation (NIV), prone ventilation, and ECMO, prioritizing maternal survival.

Keywords:
ARDSECMONIVPregnancyProneVentilation

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Lavage-induced Surfactant Depletion in Pigs As a Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS
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Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
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Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS
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Lavage-induced Surfactant Depletion in Pigs As a Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS
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Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
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Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Obstetrics
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe lung condition impacting pregnant individuals.
  • Common causes include viral infections, sepsis, and massive transfusions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the management of ARDS in pregnant patients.
  • To highlight safe ventilatory strategies and considerations for maternal survival.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical guidelines for ARDS management in pregnancy.
  • Discussion of various ventilatory support options, including noninvasive ventilation (NIV), invasive mechanical ventilation, prone positioning, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Main Results:

  • Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is safe and effective in experienced centers with protocolized care.
  • Higher PaO2/FiO2 targets are recommended for pregnant patients.
  • Permissive hypercapnia is not advised.
  • Prone ventilation and venovenous ECMO are safe options for severe ARDS with refractory hypoxemia.
  • Delivery decisions are multidisciplinary, prioritizing maternal survival.

Conclusions:

  • ARDS in pregnancy necessitates expert management with tailored ventilatory strategies.
  • Maternal survival is the primary consideration in treatment and delivery decisions.
  • Post-delivery maternal bonding aids in recovery and reduces lactation failure.