Immune Regulatory Effect of Osteopontin Gene Therapy in a Murine Model of Multidrug Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) has been for many years a major public health problem since treatment is long and sometimes ineffective favoring the increase of multidrug-resistant mycobacteria (MDR-TB). Gene therapy is a novel and effective tool to regulate immune responses. In this study we evaluated the therapeutic effect of an adenoviral vector codifying osteopontin (AdOPN), a molecule known for their roles to favor Th1 and Th17 type-cytokine expression which are crucial in TB containment. A single dose of AdOPN administration in BALB/c mice suffering late progressive pulmonary MDR-TB produced significant lower bacterial load and pneumonia, due to higher expression of IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-17 in coexistence with increase of granulomas in number and size, resulting in higher survival, in contrast with mice treated with the control adenovirus that codify the green fluorescent protein (AdGFP). Combined therapy of AdOPN with a regimen of second line antibiotics produced a better control of bacterial load in lung during the first days of treatment, suggesting that AdOPN can shorten chemotherapy. Taken together, gene therapy with AdOPN leads to higher immune responses against TB infection, resulting in a new potential treatment against pulmonary TB that can co-adjuvant chemotherapy.