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Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Shock Wave Application to Cell Cultures
Published on: April 8, 2014
Shock
Samir Patel1, Kyle Holden, Bob Calvin
1Departments of Nursing (Mr Calvin) and Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (Drs DiSilvio and Dumont), Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Drs Patel and Holden); and Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Dr Dumont).
Abstract:
Shock is a life-threatening condition of circulatory failure that causes an imbalance between cellular oxygen supply and demand resulting in organ dysfunction. It is important to recognize promptly as it is reversible in earlier stages but will transition to an irreversible phase if left untreated. This will result in multiorgan failure and subsequent death. The clinician should therefore consider shock in the differential for all patients with new organ failure. This article will review the pathophysiology, classification, evaluation, and management of shock.
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