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At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
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Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
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Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
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The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
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Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
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Cdc14 plans autophagy for meiotic cell divisions.

Wenzhi Feng1, Orlando Argüello-Miranda2, Suhong Qian1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Autophagy
|May 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Autophagy oscillates during meiosis, accelerating cell division and improving sporulation. The phosphatase Cdc14 triggers this process by dephosphorylating Atg13, coordinating autophagy with meiotic progression.

Keywords:
Atg1Atg13Cdc14autophagymeiosisphosphatasesporulation

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Proteasome-mediated degradation is a well-studied meiotic process.
  • Macroautophagy/autophagy is a newly recognized regulator of meiosis progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal pattern and regulation of autophagy during meiosis.
  • To elucidate the role of Cdc14 in controlling autophagy during meiotic divisions.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro and in vivo assays were employed.
  • Analysis of autophagic activity patterns in meiotic cells.
  • Investigation of Cdc14 localization and interactions during meiosis.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy exhibits a distinct temporal pattern in meiotic cells, oscillating during meiosis I and II.
  • Oscillating autophagic activity accelerates meiotic progression and enhances sporulation efficiency.
  • The phosphatase Cdc14 stimulates autophagy initiation in anaphase I and II by dephosphorylating Atg13, activating Atg1 kinase.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy is dynamically regulated during meiosis, with oscillations contributing to efficient meiotic progression.
  • Cdc14 plays a crucial role in coordinating autophagy with meiotic events through Atg13 regulation.
  • This study reveals a novel mechanism linking autophagy to meiotic coordination.