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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Non-Invasive PET/MR Imaging in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Non-Invasive PET/MR Imaging in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: August 31, 2022

Flow-compensated diffusion encoding in MRI for improved liver metastasis detection.

Frederik B Laun¹, Tobit Führes¹, Hannes Seuss^1,2

¹Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.

|May 26, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Flow-compensated diffusion encoding significantly reduces heart pulsation artifacts in liver MRI, improving the detection of small metastatic liver lesions compared to conventional methods.

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Area of Science:

Radiology
Medical Imaging
Oncology

Background:

Magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is crucial for detecting focal liver lesions (FLLs).
Image quality in the left liver lobe can be compromised by cardiac pulsation artifacts, limiting DWI efficacy.
Flow-compensated (FloCo) diffusion encoding is a technique designed to mitigate motion artifacts.

Purpose of the Study:

To prospectively compare the effectiveness of conventional monopolar and FloCo diffusion encoding in DWI for assessing liver metastases.
To intra-individually evaluate the impact of FloCo encoding on reducing pulsation artifacts and improving lesion detection in non-cirrhotic patients.

Main Methods:

Forty patients with known or suspected liver metastases underwent 1.5 T MR DWI using both monopolar and FloCo EPI sequences (b-values 50 and 800 s/mm²).
Two radiologists independently assessed pulsation artifact severity using Likert scales and counted visible lesions (<1 cm and >1 cm) in both liver lobes.
Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare differences between the two encoding techniques.

Main Results:

Both radiologists reported a significant reduction in pulsation artifacts in both liver lobes with FloCo diffusion encoding (p < 0.001).
FloCo diffusion encoding enabled the detection of more small liver metastases (<1 cm) in both lobes compared to monopolar encoding.
One additional large lesion (>1 cm) was detected in the left lobe by both readers using FloCo encoding.

Conclusions:

Flow-compensated diffusion encoding is more effective than conventional monopolar diffusion encoding for detecting liver metastases.
FloCo encoding improves DWI image quality by reducing cardiac pulsation artifacts, leading to enhanced detection of small and large liver lesions.