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An object falling without any air resistance under the influence of gravitational force is said to be in free-fall. For free-falling bodies, the acceleration due to gravity is constant, irrespective of their mass. Free-fall is experienced not only by objects falling downward, but also by all objects whose motion is influenced by gravitational force alone. The dynamics of free-fall motion can be calculated using kinematic equations of motion, since free-fall acceleration is constant.
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The motion of a rocket is governed by the conservation of momentum principle. A rocket's momentum changes by the same amount (with the opposite sign) as the ejected gases. As time goes by, the rocket's mass (which includes the mass of the remaining fuel) continuously decreases, and its velocity increases. Therefore, the principle of conservation of momentum is used to explain the dynamics of a rocket's motion. The ideal rocket equation gives the change in velocity that a rocket...
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All objects, neglecting air resistance, fall with the same acceleration towards the Earth's center due to the force exerted by the Earth's gravity. This experimentally determined fact is unexpected because we are so accustomed to the effects of air resistance and friction that we expect light objects to fall slower than heavier ones. People believed that a heavier object had a greater acceleration when falling until Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) proved otherwise. We now know this is...
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A square-threaded screw jack is a mechanical device widely used for lifting heavy loads or applying considerable force. Its operation is based on converting the force applied at its handle into a torsional moment, causing the upward impending motion of the screw. This movement is accomplished by overcoming the static friction between the threads of the screw and the jack.
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A simple pendulum consists of a small diameter ball suspended from a string, which has negligible mass but is strong enough to not stretch. In our daily life, pendulums have many uses, such as in clocks, on a swing set, and on a sinker on a fishing line. 
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Rolling with slipping is a physical phenomenon that occurs when a rolling object experiences both rotational and linear motion but also experiences frictional forces that cause slipping. This phenomenon can occur in various situations, such as when a tire rolls on a wet road or a ball rolls on a rough surface.
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Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Impacts of Free-falling Spheres on a Deep Liquid Pool with Altered Fluid and Impactor Surface Conditions
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Falling star.

Sofia Moutinho1, Herton Escobar1

  • 1Sofia Moutinho is a science journalist in Rio de Janeiro. Herton Escobar is a science journalist in São Paulo.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Brazil

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Space Research
  • Brazilian Research

Background:

  • Brazil's National Institute for Space Research (INPE) faces severe funding cuts.
  • This decline impacts crucial environmental monitoring and space exploration initiatives.
  • Decades of scientific advancement are at risk.

Discussion:

  • The reduction in financial resources is leading to a "brain drain" of top researchers.
  • Loss of personnel jeopardizes long-term research projects and data integrity.
  • The institute's capacity for innovation and global collaboration is diminishing.

Key Insights:

  • INPE's funding crisis threatens Brazil's position in environmental and space science.
  • The exodus of scientists signals a critical juncture for the institution.

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  • Hope for continued research is waning due to resource scarcity.

    • Outlook:

    • Urgent policy interventions are needed to restore funding and retain talent.
    • Without immediate support, Brazil risks losing decades of scientific progress.
    • The future of INPE's vital contributions to science and environmental protection is uncertain.