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Reduced physiological plasticity in a fish adapted to stable temperatures.

Rachael Morgan1,2, Anna H Andreassen1, Eirik R Åsheim1,3,4

  • 1Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.

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Domestication has reduced physiological plasticity in laboratory zebrafish, making them less able to cope with temperature changes compared to wild zebrafish. This loss of plasticity may be a trade-off for faster growth in stable lab conditions.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Physiological ecology
  • Comparative genomics

Background:

  • Organisms use physiological plasticity to maintain performance across environmental conditions.
  • Plasticity's cost and trade-offs with performance under optimal conditions are not well understood.
  • Fish utilize physiological plasticity to adjust functions against temperature-driven rate changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if domestication in laboratory zebrafish has reduced physiological plasticity compared to wild counterparts.
  • To determine the cost of plasticity and potential trade-offs with performance in stable environments.
  • To assess the impact of adaptation to laboratory conditions on various biological levels.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of wild and laboratory zebrafish acclimated to 15 temperatures (10°C–38°C).
  • Measurement of diverse phenotypic traits: gene expression, physiology, and behavior.
  • Analysis of differences in plasticity across a wide thermal range.

Main Results:

  • Laboratory zebrafish exhibit reduced physiological plasticity compared to wild zebrafish.
  • Laboratory fish are less capable of counteracting temperature effects on metabolic rates and thermal tolerance.
  • Differences in plasticity are evident from gene expression to behavioral traits.

Conclusions:

  • Adaptation to stable laboratory environments significantly impacts zebrafish biology, reducing physiological plasticity.
  • A trade-off likely exists between rapid growth selection in labs and the maintenance of physiological plasticity.
  • Reduced plasticity in lab zebrafish compromises their ability to respond to environmental temperature fluctuations.