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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

827
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
827
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

608
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
608
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

510
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
510
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

309
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
309
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

1.3K
Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
1.3K
Regional Terms01:12

Regional Terms

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Regional terms describe anatomy by dividing the body parts into different regions that contain structures involved in contributing similar functions. Using these terms helps increase the accurate description and identification of the particular region of interest or region affected by the disease.
Primarily, the human body has two major regions, the axial and appendicular regions. The axial region comprises regions from the head to the abdomen and makes up the central body axis. In contrast,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Success of Ultrasound-Guided Neuraxial Anesthesia in Cases with Difficult Anatomy
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Regional Anesthesia for Spine Surgery.

Bhavuk Garg1, Kaustubh Ahuja, Alok D Sharan

  • 1From the Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India (Garg), the Department of Spine Surgery, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India (Ahuja), and WESTMED Spine Center, Yonkers, NY (Sharan).

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
|May 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regional anesthesia, including spinal and epidural techniques, is increasingly used in spine surgery. New methods like erector spinae blocks enhance pain relief and recovery for patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Recent advancements in spine surgery have spurred interest in regional anesthesia.
  • Spinal anesthesia, epidural anesthesia, and their combinations are established techniques.
  • Successful application has enabled novel approaches like awake spinal fusion and outpatient procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review regional anesthesia techniques for spine surgery.
  • To discuss indications, contraindications, benefits, and complications.
  • To highlight emerging analgesic modalities for improved patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of current literature on regional anesthesia in spine surgery.
  • Focus on established and novel regional anesthetic and analgesic techniques.
  • Analysis of techniques, patient selection, and potential adverse events.

Main Results:

  • Regional anesthesia is a viable option for various spine surgeries.
  • Emerging techniques like erector spinae and thoracolumbar interfascial plane blocks show promise.
  • These methods aim to reduce perioperative pain and facilitate early recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Regional anesthesia offers significant benefits for spine surgery patients.
  • Novel analgesic blocks contribute to enhanced recovery and pain management.
  • Further research into these techniques is warranted for optimizing patient care.