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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Efficient Production and Identification of CRISPR/Cas9-generated Gene Knockouts in the Model System Danio rerio
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Type III-A CRISPR systems as a versatile gene knockdown technology.

Walter T Woodside1, Nikita Vantsev2,3, Ryan J Catchpole3

  • 1Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)
|May 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered CRISPR-Cas type III-A systems can efficiently degrade specific RNA molecules for gene knockdown. This technology enables precise control over gene expression in various cells.

Keywords:
CRISPRCasRNAigene knockdownmRNA degradationtype III

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • CRISPR-Cas systems are prokaryotic defense mechanisms with diverse functions.
  • Six types of CRISPR-Cas systems exist, each with unique Cas nucleases and target specificities.
  • CRISPR-based tools have been developed for DNA and RNA targeting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer type III-A CRISPR-Cas systems for post-transcriptional gene silencing.
  • To establish research tools for controlling gene expression via RNA-guided cleavage.
  • To assess the efficiency and specificity of gene knockdown using type III-A systems.

Main Methods:

  • Type III-A CRISPR-Cas systems from L. lactis, S. epidermidis, and S. thermophilus were expressed in E. coli.
  • Tailored CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) were used to program gene targeting.
  • Gene knockdown efficiency and specificity were evaluated using northern blot and transcriptomic analysis.

Main Results:

  • Engineered type III-A modules demonstrated efficient gene knockdown of coding and noncoding RNAs in vivo.
  • Specific gene silencing was achieved by programming modules with tailored crRNAs.
  • Simultaneous degradation of multiple mRNA transcripts was successfully directed.

Conclusions:

  • Type III-A CRISPR-Cas modules serve as effective and specific platforms for gene knockdown in heterologous cells.
  • This transcriptome engineering technology offers potential for gene discovery and pathway analysis.
  • Further refinement may enable applications in diverse prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems.