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ATP and GTP are essential for olfactory response.

V Vodyanoy, I Vodyanoy

Neuroscience Letters

|January 27, 1987

Summary

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP) enable odorant detection in modified lipid membranes. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) acts as a key signaling molecule in this olfactory process.

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Area of Science:

Olfactory neuroscience
Biophysics
Cell signaling

Background:

Odorant detection by olfactory receptors initiates a signaling cascade.
The precise molecular mechanisms of olfactory transduction are complex and involve second messengers.
Bimolecular lipid membranes (BLMs) offer a model system to study membrane protein function.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of nucleotides in odorant-induced signaling in modified lipid membranes.
To determine if cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) functions as a second messenger in olfactory transduction.
To characterize the dose-dependent effects of odorants and cAMP on membrane conductance.

Main Methods:

Utilizing planar bimolecular lipid membranes (BLMs) reconstituted with rat olfactory epithelial homogenate (ROH).
Measuring steady-state electrical conductance of the BLMs.
Assessing the effects of various odorants, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), guanosine triphosphate (GTP), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) on membrane conductance.

Main Results:

Odorant-induced chemosensitivity of ROH-modified BLMs was observed only in the presence of ATP and GTP.
Absence of ATP and GTP abolished odorant-evoked changes in membrane conductance.
Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) mimicked the effect of odorants, and both showed dose-dependent responses.
The observed effects were specific to the presence of these nucleotides.

Conclusions:

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays a crucial role as a second messenger in the initial steps of olfactory signal transduction.
ATP and GTP are essential cofactors for odorant detection and signaling in this model system.
These findings support a model where cAMP mediates the signal from olfactory receptors to downstream effectors.

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