Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

3.2K
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
3.2K
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

38.6K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
38.6K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.1K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.1K
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

7.7K
The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
7.7K
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

2.7K
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
2.7K
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

3.0K
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
3.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dissociation of UPR signaling and ER ultrastructure during 4-PBA therapy in shunt-driven pulmonary hypertension.

American journal of hypertension·2026
Same author

[Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome by sonodynamic therapy mediates CACNA1C upregulation to reduce atrial fibrillation susceptibility].

Zhonghua xin xue guan bing za zhi·2025
Same author

[Research progress in Runt-related transcription factor 2 regulation of bone remodeling and tooth eruption].

Zhonghua kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Zhonghua kouqiang yixue zazhi = Chinese journal of stomatology·2025
Same author

Testing Strong-Field QED to Second Order in the Highly Correlated Atomic System Berylliumlike Pb^{78+} by Electron-Ion Collision Spectroscopy.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

[Analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis detection among patients aged 65 and older in China, 2015-2023].

Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi·2025
Same author

Risk factors for unexplained early neurological deterioration after intravenous thrombolysis: a meta-analysis.

Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)·2025
Same journal

Gold Nanoparticles Enhance the Antibacterial and Osteogenic Properties of Polyetheretherketone.

Journal of dental research·2026
Same journal

Periodontitis-Aggravated Diabetic Kidney Disease with Altered Glycolysis.

Journal of dental research·2026
Same journal

Response to Letter to Editor: "Estimating the Individualized Effect of Tooth Extraction before Radiotherapy on Osteoradionecrosis Using Causal Machine Learning".

Journal of dental research·2026
Same journal

Reorienting Oral Health Promotion through Systems Thinking.

Journal of dental research·2026
Same journal

<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>-Induced NETs Mediate Neuroinflammation via TLR4 Activation.

Journal of dental research·2026
Same journal

Oral Burden of Sjögren Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Journal of dental research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation
09:37

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation

Published on: March 15, 2018

13.3K

RUNX2 Regulates Osteoblast Differentiation via the BMP4 Signaling Pathway.

D D Liu1, C Y Zhang1, Y Liu1

  • 1Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China.

Journal of Dental Research
|May 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RUNX2 regulates bone formation by inhibiting CHRDL1, a BMP antagonist. This discovery reveals a new RUNX2/CHRDL1/BMP4 pathway crucial for osteogenic differentiation and suggests BMP4 as a potential therapy for bone diseases.

Keywords:
CHRDL1 proteinCRISPR-Cas9 systemsbone morphogenetic proteinscleidocranial dysplasiacore binding factor alpha 1 subunitosteogenesis

More Related Videos

Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors
08:01

Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors

Published on: February 28, 2017

8.0K
Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation
08:43

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Published on: May 31, 2016

19.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 21, 2025

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation
09:37

A RANKL-based Osteoclast Culture Assay of Mouse Bone Marrow to Investigate the Role of mTORC1 in Osteoclast Formation

Published on: March 15, 2018

13.3K
Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors
08:01

Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors

Published on: February 28, 2017

8.0K
Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation
08:43

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Published on: May 31, 2016

19.7K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • RUNX2 is a key transcription factor for bone formation; mutations cause cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD).
  • RUNX2 regulates bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), but the mechanism is unclear.
  • Understanding RUNX2's role in BMP regulation is crucial for skeletal disorder research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism by which RUNX2 regulates BMPs.
  • To investigate the role of the RUNX2/BMP4/CHRDL1 axis in osteogenic differentiation.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for bone diseases like CCD.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis of a CCD patient using MLPA and WGS.
  • Isolation and analysis of patient-derived bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (CCD-BMSCs).
  • Creation of CRISPR/Cas9 Runx2 mutant cell lines (MC3T3-E1) for mechanistic studies.
  • Luciferase reporter assays and immunofluorescence to confirm molecular interactions.

Main Results:

  • CCD-BMSCs showed impaired osteogenic differentiation, reduced BMP4, and elevated CHRDL1.
  • BMP4 treatment rescued osteogenic capacity, while RUNX2 overexpression normalized BMP4 and CHRDL1 levels.
  • RUNX2 was confirmed to inhibit CHRDL1 transcription, and CHRDL1 inhibited BMP4/Smad signaling.

Conclusions:

  • A novel RUNX2/CHRDL1/BMP4 axis regulating osteogenic differentiation was identified.
  • RUNX2 inhibits CHRDL1 transcription, thereby promoting BMP4 signaling and bone formation.
  • BMP4 shows therapeutic potential for bone diseases associated with impaired osteogenesis.