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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides02:26

Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

8.9K
Due to their highly strained structures, epoxides can readily undergo ring-opening reactions through nucleophilic substitution, either in the presence of an acid or a base. The nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of acid are called acid-catalyzed ring-opening reactions, and nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of a base are called base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions. Epoxides undergo base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions in the presence of a strong nucleophile...
8.9K
Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides02:24

Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

7.7K
Epoxides that are three-membered ring systems are more reactive than other cyclic and acyclic ethers. The high reactivity of epoxides originates from the strain present in the ring. This ring strain acts as a driving force for epoxides to undergo ring-opening reactions either with halogen acids or weak nucleophiles in the presence of mild acid. The acid catalyst converts the epoxide oxygen, a poor leaving group, into an oxonium ion, a better leaving group, making the reaction feasible. The...
7.7K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.1K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
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Aqueous-Phase Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly.

Daniel B Wright, Mollie A Touve, Matthew P Thompson

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers developed a new aqueous Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly (ROMPISA) method. This technique efficiently creates well-defined polymer nanoparticles in water at room temperature using a novel catalyst.

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    Area of Science:

    • Polymer Chemistry
    • Materials Science
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly (ROMPISA) is a powerful technique for creating nanostructures.
    • Previous ROMPISA methods often require organic solvents and specific conditions, limiting their applicability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an efficient aqueous-phase ROMPISA method for synthesizing well-defined polymer nanoparticles.
    • To investigate the self-assembly behavior of diblock copolymers formed in water.
    • To demonstrate the living nature of the polymerization in an aqueous environment.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a novel water-soluble cationic Hoveyda-Grubbs second-generation catalyst for initiating polymerization.
    • Performed aqueous-phase ROMPISA at room temperature and high solids concentration (20 w/w%).
    • Synthesized diblock copolymers from norbornenyl monomers in water.
    • Constructed a phase diagram for the self-assembled nanostructure morphologies.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully formed well-defined micellar polymer nanoparticles in an aqueous phase.
    • Achieved high solids concentration polymerization (20 w/w%) under mild, room-temperature conditions.
    • Demonstrated the formation of various nanostructure morphologies with a constructed phase diagram.
    • Confirmed the living characteristics of the polymerization initiated by the aqueous catalyst through kinetic studies.

    Conclusions:

    • Aqueous-phase ROMPISA is a viable and efficient method for nanoparticle synthesis.
    • The novel water-soluble catalyst enables controlled polymerization and self-assembly in water.
    • This approach offers a greener and more accessible route to complex polymer nanostructures.