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Related Concept Videos

Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

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A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
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A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
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The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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When placed in an external electric field, a dielectric material gets polarized. The charge density in the dielectric material is given by the sum of the bound and free charge densities, while the total charge density can also be written in terms of the total electric field. The bound charge density can be measured in terms of polarization, leading to the relationship between electric displacement and polarization.
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Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
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One-Dimensional Polarization Dynamics in Ferroelectric Polymers.

Saleem Anwar1,2, Kamal Asadi1

  • 1Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.

ACS Macro Letters
|May 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polarization switching in ferroelectric poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) occurs via a 1D kink propagation. This novel mechanism in δ-phase PVDF demonstrates faster domain wall mobility for advanced microelectronic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Ferroelectricity in the δ-phase of poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) was discovered decades ago.
  • The dynamics of polarization switching in δ-phase PVDF remain largely unstudied.
  • Understanding switching mechanisms is crucial for ferroelectric material applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the polarization switching mechanism in δ-phase PVDF.
  • To investigate the dynamics and kinetics of polarization reversal.
  • To compare the switching behavior of δ-phase PVDF with other ferroelectric phases.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of polarization switching dynamics.
  • Analysis of domain wall motion and nucleation.
  • Comparison with experimental data for PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE).

Main Results:

  • Polarization switching is a one-dimensional process nucleated by a 90° rotation of CH2-CF2 units.
  • A kink propagates along the polymer chain, reversing polarization while preserving TGTG' conformation.
  • Domain wall mobility in δ-phase PVDF is significantly faster than in β-phase PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE).
  • Switching time at infinite electric field is 500 ps, ten times faster than conventional ferroelectrics.

Conclusions:

  • δ-phase PVDF exhibits a unique and rapid polarization switching mechanism.
  • The fast switching dynamics, low voltage operation, and thermal stability make δ-PVDF promising for microelectronics.
  • This study opens new avenues for designing high-performance ferroelectric polymers.