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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in PolyS-Divinylbenzene
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Inverse Vulcanization Polymers with Enhanced Thermal Properties via Divinylbenzene Homopolymerization-Assisted

Sangwoo Park1, Duhwan Lee2, Hongkwan Cho2

  • 1The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, The WCU Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.

ACS Macro Letters
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New sulfur-rich polymers using divinylbenzene (DVB) offer high refractive index and improved thermal stability. This breakthrough enables advanced infrared optical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Optics

Background:

  • Sulfur-rich polymers are crucial for optical applications due to their high refractive index.
  • Traditional inverse vulcanization methods often yield polymers with limited thermal stability.
  • Achieving high refractive index and thermal stability simultaneously remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop high-refractive-index sulfur-rich polymers with enhanced thermal properties.
  • To explore the use of divinylbenzene (DVB) as a comonomer in modified inverse vulcanization.
  • To demonstrate a molding process for these novel polymers for optical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Modified, low-temperature inverse vulcanization using elemental sulfur and divinylbenzene (DVB).
  • Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for material characterization.
  • A three-step molding process: prepolymer formation, hot-press compression molding, and thermal annealing.

Main Results:

  • Homopolymerized DVB segments formed, leading to high glass-transition temperatures (Tg > 100 °C).
  • Achieved high thermal stability unattainable with previous inverse vulcanization methods.
  • The molded poly(S-r-DVB) exhibited a high refractive index (n > 1.85) and high midwave infrared transmittance.

Conclusions:

  • Modified inverse vulcanization with DVB yields sulfur-rich polymers with superior thermal and optical properties.
  • The developed molding process is effective for creating functional optical components.
  • These high-performance polymers are highly desirable for infrared optics applications.