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Multiple Factors Causing Myopia and the Possible Treatments: A Mini Review
Ari Shinojima1,2, Kazuno Negishi2, Kazuo Tsubota3
1Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Frontiers in Public Health
|May 27, 2022
Summary
The global myopia epidemic is worsening, accelerated by COVID-19. Research explores new treatments targeting inflammation, intraocular pressure, and light, alongside existing methods like atropine eye drops and lifestyle changes.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Public Health
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Myopia is a growing global health concern.
- The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated myopia progression.
- Animal models have been crucial in understanding myopia mechanisms for over 40 years.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current scientific evidence on myopia control.
- To summarize potential treatments for mitigating myopia progression.
- To highlight recent findings from animal studies on myopia suppression.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of myopia control strategies.
- Analysis of evidence-based treatments for human myopia.
- Examination of animal model studies revealing new myopia suppression mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Established human treatments include atropine eye drops, optical defocus, orthokeratology, and behavioral adjustments.
- Animal studies have identified novel suppression targets: inflammation, intraocular pressure, light exposure, and early growth response protein 1.
- A comprehensive understanding of myopia control is emerging from diverse research.
Conclusions:
- Myopia control requires a multi-faceted approach, combining clinical treatments with lifestyle modifications.
- Emerging research from animal models offers promising new avenues for myopia suppression.
- Continued investigation into myopia mechanisms is vital for developing effective interventions.
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