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A more unstable resting-state functional network in cognitively declining multiple sclerosis.

Tommy A A Broeders1, Linda Douw1, Anand J C Eijlers1

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Cognitively impaired multiple sclerosis patients show more dynamic brain network changes. Over time, worsening cognition correlated with increased network instability and structural damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment is prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS), impacting daily life.
  • Functional network organization changes are linked to cognitive issues in MS.
  • Longitudinal studies on dynamic network adaptation in MS are scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To longitudinally identify dynamic network reconfiguration patterns associated with cognitive decline in MS.
  • To investigate how brain network dynamics change over time in MS patients.
  • To relate these changes to structural damage and specific cognitive domains.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional MRI and neuropsychological tests were used in 230 MS patients and 59 controls over 5 years.
  • A sliding-window approach analyzed dynamic functional network reconfigurations.
  • Measures of network promiscuity, flexibility, cohesion, and disjointedness were calculated.

Main Results:

  • Cognitively impaired MS patients exhibited greater network promiscuity, flexibility, and cohesion compared to controls.
  • Longitudinally, declining MS patients showed increased network cohesion, unlike stable patients.
  • Increased network cohesion correlated with greater structural damage and poorer performance in verbal memory, processing speed, and working memory.

Conclusions:

  • MS patients with cognitive impairment display more unstable brain network reconfigurations.
  • Progressive destabilization of network topology may underlie cognitive decline in MS.
  • These findings highlight the potential of dynamic network analysis for understanding MS-related cognitive changes.