Anorectal leiomyoma with GLUT1 overexpression mimicking malignancy on FDG-PET/CT

A 43-year-old female underwent pelvic magnetic resonance imaging for uterine myoma that incidentally revealed a 4.6 × 2.8 cm soft tissue mass in the anorectal region. Rectal endoscopy showed a submucosal tumor just above the anal canal. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) revealed an anorectal tumor with very high FDG uptake. Aspiration cytology and needle biopsy were inconclusive, and the patient underwent trans-perineal tumor resection. The excised tumor was a 4.6 × 3.5 × 2.7 cm gray-white bifurcated nodular tumor. Light microscopy revealed fenestrated growth of poorly dysmorphic short spindle-shaped cells with eosinophilic sporophytes. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for αSMA and desmin, negative for CD117 (KIT) and S100, and the patient was diagnosed with benign leiomyoma. Tumor cells were also positive for glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) immunohistochemically. It is important to keep in mind that FDG-PET/CT may show false-positive results even in benign anal leiomyoma for various reasons, including GLUT1 overexpression.