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Microsatellite instability and chemosensitivity in solid tumours.

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Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a key biomarker guiding cancer treatment decisions. Understanding MSI incidence and its prognostic and predictive roles optimizes targeted therapies, including immunotherapy, across various cancer types.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Biomarkers are crucial for targeted cancer therapies.
  • Microsatellite instability (MSI), indicating DNA mismatch repair defects, is an emerging biomarker.
  • MSI knowledge has impacted clinical practice in colon cancer and is gaining traction in gastric and endometrial cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of MSI as a biomarker in guiding cancer treatment decisions.
  • To explore the incidence, prognostic, and predictive value of MSI in various cancer types.
  • To highlight MSI's impact on chemotherapy and immunotherapy choices in early and metastatic settings.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on MSI in colon, gastric, and endometrial cancers.
  • Analysis of MSI incidence across different cancer types and disease stages.
  • Evaluation of MSI's prognostic value in early-stage disease and predictive role in treatment response.

Main Results:

  • MSI incidence varies by cancer type and stage.
  • MSI guides chemotherapy in adjuvant colon cancer and perioperative gastric cancer.
  • MSI status is a strong predictor of immunotherapy response in various metastatic cancers.

Conclusions:

  • MSI is a critical biomarker for personalized cancer treatment strategies.
  • Understanding MSI incidence and implications optimizes therapeutic choices, including immunotherapy.
  • MSI holds significant potential for guiding treatment decisions in multiple cancer types.