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Bilateral Central Retinal Vein Occlusion and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Associated with Coronavirus-19: A Case Report

Hamidreza Hasani1, Benyamin Hakak-Zargar2, Sahar Mohammad Poor Nami3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Madani Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.

Journal of Current Ophthalmology
|May 27, 2022
PubMed

Insights

This case report details a rare instance of bilateral central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) in a young patient, likely triggered by COVID-19 infection.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with various systemic complications.
  • Ocular manifestations of COVID-19 are increasingly reported, though rare.
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a severe mucocutaneous reaction, with potential systemic involvement.

Observation:

  • A 43-year-old male with COVID-19 infection presented with flu-like symptoms, respiratory distress, and a widespread rash.
  • The patient was diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) affecting 18% of his body surface area.
  • Ophthalmic examination revealed bilateral central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).

Findings:

  • The patient exhibited a rare combination of bilateral CRVO and SJS.
  • Despite treatment with systemic dexamethasone and remdesivir, the patient's condition deteriorated.
  • The clinical presentation suggests a potential causal link between COVID-19 infection and the observed CRVO and SJS.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential for severe ocular complications, including CRVO, in COVID-19 patients.
  • It underscores the importance of considering COVID-19 as a potential trigger for SJS and associated vascular events.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms linking COVID-19 to CRVO and SJS.
Abstract

Keywords:
Bilateral central retinal vein occlusionCoronavirus-19Stevens–Johnson syndromeYoung adult

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