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Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

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Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Carbon-based material-supported single-atom catalysts for energy conversion.

Huimin Zhang¹, Wenhao Liu¹, Dong Cao¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.

|May 27, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer maximum atomic efficiency but face challenges in regulating coordination and metal loading. This review highlights synthesis, characterization, and design strategies for carbon-supported SACs in electrocatalysis.

Keywords:

electrochemical energy conversion energy materials materials chemistry materials science

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Area of Science:

Catalysis
Materials Science
Electrochemistry

Background:

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) exhibit unique electronic structures and maximum atomic efficiency, making them highly attractive for catalysis.
Challenges remain in precisely controlling SAC coordination environments and enhancing metal atom loading during catalytic processes.
Carbon-based materials are widely employed as supports due to their conductivity and surface area, stabilizing metal atoms for various energy conversion reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review rational synthesis methods and advanced characterization techniques for carbon-based material-supported SACs.
To discuss theoretical design strategies and construction methods for optimizing SACs in electrocatalysis.
To provide insights into guiding coordination regulation and improving metal loading in SACs.

Main Methods:

Summarization of rational synthesis approaches for SACs.
Review of advanced characterization techniques for analyzing SACs.
Discussion of theoretical design and construction methodologies for supported SACs.

Main Results:

Carbon-based material-supported SACs are effective in various electrocatalytic reactions like HER, OER, ORR, CO2RR, and NRR.
The review consolidates strategies for rational synthesis and characterization of SACs.
Design principles for enhancing coordination and metal loading in SACs are presented.

Conclusions:

Effective strategies for synthesis, characterization, and design are crucial for advancing carbon-supported SACs.
Addressing challenges in coordination control and metal loading will drive future developments in SACs for electrocatalysis.
This review offers a roadmap for future research and development in the field of single-atom catalysts.