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Prophylactic Cerclage Cabling Decreases the Intraoperative Periprosthetic Fracture Rate during Cement-Less Total Hip
M E Kayaalp1, A Can1, G Kaynak1
1Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
Insights
Prophylactic cerclage cabling in total hip arthroplasty for severe hip dysplasia significantly reduces the risk of femoral diaphyseal fractures. This technique is recommended for improved patient safety during surgery.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Biomedical Engineering
- Trauma Surgery
Background:
- Cementless stems in highly dysplastic hips pose a risk of femoral fracture and morbidity.
- Prophylactic cabling has been speculated as a preventive measure for intraoperative fractures in these cases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To objectively assess perioperative complications in patients with dysplastic hips undergoing total hip arthroplasty.
- To evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic cerclage cabling in reducing femoral fractures.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective comparative study of 122 consecutive patients with Crowe type 3 or 4 dysplastic hips.
- Patients underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) with shortening osteotomy and a rectangular femoral stem.
- Stratification based on the use of diaphyseal prophylactic cerclage cable; perioperative complications and clinical outcomes (Harris Hip Score, VAS) were recorded and compared.
Main Results:
- Femoral diaphyseal fractures occurred in 2% of the cabled group versus 14% in the non-cabled group (p=0.01).
- Relative risk of fracture was 5.8 times higher without cabling (p=0.03).
- No significant differences in clinical outcome scores were observed between the groups.
Conclusions:
- Cementless rectangular stems in dysplastic hips have low femoral diaphyseal fracture rates.
- Prophylactic cerclage cabling further reduces fracture risk and eases management without added complications.
- Prophylactic cerclage cabling is recommended for total hip arthroplasty in highly dysplastic hips.
Abstract:
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Cementless stems in highly dysplastic hips are considered to increase the risk of femoral fracture and associated morbidity. Several authors speculated to use prophylactic cabling in this patient group to prevent intraoperative fractures. This study aims to reveal objective results regarding the perioperative complications in a large and consecutive patient group with respect to use of prophylactic cabling. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective comparative study was planned. A total of 122 consecutive patients with dysplastic hips of Crowe type 3 or 4, operated on with total hip arthroplasty (THA) and shortening osteotomy using a rectangular femoral stem were included. Patients were stratified according to use of a diaphyseal prophylactic cerclage cable. Perioperative complications were recorded. Clinical outcome was measured in terms of Harris Hip Score and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain. All results were compared between the groups. RESULTS The mean follow-up time was 27 months. Two (2%) versus five (14%) patients had a fracture at the diaphyseal level in cabled versus non-cabled groups. Difference between groups was statistically significant (p=0.01). Relative risk of fracture in case of a non-cabling was 5.8 (p=0.03). Eleven (9%) patients had a non-displaced fracture at the metaphyseal level. No significant differences were detected with respect to preoperative clinical outcome scores or change in these scores between groups. CONCLUSIONS Femoral diaphyseal fracture rates are low when cementless, rectangular stems are used in dysplastic high riding hips. Prophylactic cerclage cabling further decreases the fracture risk and eases treatment in case of a fracture without causing additional complications and therefore is recommended. Key words: intraoperative fracture, periprosthetic fracture, total hip arthroplasty, cerclage cabling, developmental hip dysplasia, transverse shortening osteotomy.
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