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Related Concept Videos

The Respiratory System01:16

The Respiratory System

The respiratory system is comprised of the organs that enable breathing. Air enters the nostrils and mouth, followed by the pharynx (throat) and larynx (voice box), which lead to the trachea (windpipe). In the thoracic cavity, the trachea splits into two bronchi that allow air to enter the lungs. The bronchi split into progressively smaller bronchioles and terminate in small groups of tiny sacs in the lungs called alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.
Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration01:30

Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration

Introduction to Inspiration: The Respiratory System in Action
The respiratory system, an essential network for breathing, comprises the conducting and respiratory zones, each playing a crucial role in the overall process of respiration. Let us explore the detailed mechanism of inspiration, or inhalation, which is the first phase of the respiratory cycle.
Pathway of Air during Inspiration
During inspiration, air enters our body through the nose or mouth and moves through the conducting zone,...
Gross Anatomy of the Lungs01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Procedure for Lung Engineering
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Emerging Paradigms in Bioengineering the Lungs.

Raxshanaa Mohgan1, Mayuren Candasamy2, Jayashree Mayuren3

  • 1School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Lung tissue bioengineering offers new hope for patients with end-stage lung diseases. This review explores advancements in lung scaffolds and bioreactors to overcome donor organ shortages for transplantation.

Keywords:
artificial lungbioprintinglung bioengineeringlung transplantationlung-on-a-chipscaffolds

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • End-stage lung diseases face critical donor lung shortages and long waiting lists, leading to increased mortality.
  • Bioengineering advancements are crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies to address this unmet clinical need.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging paradigms in lung tissue bioengineering.
  • To discuss the development and application of various lung scaffold types.
  • To highlight advances in bioreactor technology for functional lung tissue regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of acellular scaffolds created via decellularization and recellularization.
  • Analysis of artificial scaffolds synthesized from synthetic, biodegradable, and low-immunogenic materials.
  • Examination of hybrid scaffolds combining beneficial material properties.
  • Discussion of bioreactor design for optimizing lung tissue maturation.

Main Results:

  • Multiple lung scaffold strategies (acellular, artificial, hybrid) are under development.
  • Bioreactor technology is advancing to support the creation of functional lung tissue.
  • These bioengineering approaches aim to provide alternatives to lung transplantation.

Conclusions:

  • Lung tissue bioengineering holds significant promise for overcoming donor organ scarcity in lung transplantation.
  • Continued research in scaffold design and bioreactor technology is essential for clinical translation.
  • Regenerative medicine approaches are vital for the future of treating end-stage lung diseases.