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Cohesion

Cohesion

Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
On a surface,...

Gustation

Gustation

Gustation is a chemical sense that, along with olfaction (smell), contributes to our perception of taste. It starts with the activation of receptors by chemical compounds (tastants) dissolved in the saliva. The saliva and filiform papillae on the tongue distribute the tastants and increase their exposure to the taste receptors.

Membrane Fluidity

Membrane Fluidity

Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.Fatty acids tails of phospholipids can be either saturated or...

Gap Junctions

Gap Junctions

Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a high-resolution protein separation method first introduced by O' Farrell and Klose in 1975. This method involves protein separation by two dimensions, mass and charge, making it more accurate than one-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
The first dimension separation uses the isoelectric focusing or IEF technique performed on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips that separate proteins according to their isoelectric points.
Biological samples, such as cells...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Preparation of 3D Collagen Gels and Microchannels for the Study of 3D Interactions In Vivo

Preparation of 3D Collagen Gels and Microchannels for the Study of 3D Interactions In Vivo

Published on: May 9, 2016

Editorial for Gels 6th Anniversary Special Issue.

Esmaiel Jabbari¹, Gulden Camci-Unal²

¹Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.

Gels (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 27, 2022

Summary

This Special Issue highlights top-tier research in gel science published over six years. It showcases advancements in hydrogels, elastomers, and stimuli-responsive materials.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Preparation of 3D Collagen Gels and Microchannels for the Study of 3D Interactions In Vivo

Preparation of 3D Collagen Gels and Microchannels for the Study of 3D Interactions In Vivo

Published on: May 9, 2016

Protocols of 3D Bioprinting of Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogel Based Bioinks

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Published on: December 21, 2019

Aesthetically Enhanced Silica Aerogel Via Incorporation of Laser Etching and Dyes

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Published on: March 12, 2021

Area of Science:

* Gel science and polymer chemistry.
* Materials science and engineering.
* Biomaterials and nanotechnology.

Background:

* The journal *Gels* has published significant research since its inception in 2015.
* This Special Issue compiles high-quality papers reflecting the journal's growth and impact.
* The collection spans diverse topics within the field of gel research.

Discussion:

* The papers cover fundamental properties, synthesis, and characterization of various gel systems.
* Applications explored include drug delivery, tissue engineering, and soft robotics.
* Emerging trends in smart gels and advanced material design are featured.

Key Insights:

* Significant progress has been made in understanding and manipulating gel properties.
* Innovative applications of gels continue to expand across multiple scientific disciplines.
* The interdisciplinary nature of gel science is evident in the diverse research presented.

Outlook:

* Future research will likely focus on developing more sophisticated and responsive gel materials.
* Advancements in gel-based technologies promise novel solutions for biomedical and industrial challenges.
* Continued exploration of gel networks will drive innovation in materials science.