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Assessing Teratogenic Changes in a Zebrafish Model of Fetal Alcohol Exposure
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Developmental, Behavioral and Transcriptomic Changes in Zebrafish Embryos after Smoke Dye Exposure.

Edward J Perkins1, Kimberly T To1, Lindsey St Mary2

  • 1Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research & Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA.

Toxics
|May 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Smoke dyes like Disperse Blue 14 and Solvent Yellow 33 can harm zebrafish development and behavior. Further research is needed to understand the health risks of these widely used smoke colorants.

Keywords:
behaviorpathwaysmoke dyetranscriptomicszebrafish embryo test

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Developmental biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Disperse Blue 14, Disperse Red 9, Solvent Red 169, and Solvent Yellow 33 are used as smoke dyes.
  • Their potential health hazards have not been thoroughly evaluated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the health hazards of four smoke dyes: Disperse Blue 14, Disperse Red 9, Solvent Red 169, and Solvent Yellow 33.
  • To investigate their effects on zebrafish development, behavior, and gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Zebrafish embryos were exposed to varying concentrations of the four dyes from 6 to 120 hours post-fertilization.
  • Assessed mortality, development, and behavior at 120 hours post-fertilization.
  • Analyzed gene expression at 48 hours post-fertilization for toxicity mechanisms and blood-brain barrier penetration.

Main Results:

  • Solvent Yellow 33 and Disperse Blue 14 caused developmental and behavioral impairments across all tested concentrations.
  • Disperse Red 9 affected behavior at all concentrations and development at all but the lowest concentration.
  • Solvent Red 169 showed no adverse effects; Disperse Blue 14 caused mortality at the highest concentrations.
  • Gene expression analysis suggested impacts on neurodevelopment and folate/retinol metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • Smoke dyes possess a significant potential to induce developmental abnormalities and neurotoxicity.
  • Comprehensive toxicological assessments, like the one presented, are crucial for evaluating smoke dye safety.