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Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and intellectual disability among children with hydrocephalus

Pedram Maleknia1, Ashritha Reddy Chalamalla2, Anastasia Arynchyna-Smith3

  • 11School of Medicine.

Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics
|May 27, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Children with hydrocephalus have a 33% prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is significantly higher than the general population. Intellectual disability (ID) also affects nearly half of these children, necessitating routine screening for both conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and intellectual disability (ID) are common neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • The prevalence of ADHD in children with hydrocephalus is not well-established.
  • Hydrocephalus may impact neurodevelopment, potentially increasing the risk for ADHD and ID.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of ADHD in children with hydrocephalus.
  • To investigate the association between ADHD and clinical/demographic factors, including ID.
  • To assess the prevalence of ID in children with hydrocephalus.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 147 children (6-12 years) with hydrocephalus using parent telephone surveys.
  • Screening for ID using the Child and Adolescent Intellectual Disability Screening Questionnaire (CAIDS-Q).
  • Screening for ADHD using the National Institute for Children's Health Quality (NICHQ) Vanderbilt Assessment Scale in children without ID.

Main Results:

  • 49% of children with hydrocephalus had ID, associated with lower family income.
  • Among children without ID, 33% had a likely diagnosis of ADHD (95% CI 0.22-0.44).
  • No clinical or demographic variables were significantly associated with ADHD in this cohort.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of ADHD (33%) and ID (49%) is high in children with hydrocephalus.
  • Routine screening for ADHD and ID is recommended for children with hydrocephalus.
  • Early identification and intervention are crucial for optimizing functional outcomes in this population.
Abstract

Keywords:
ADHDattention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderhydrocephalusintellectual disabilityneurosurgerypediatric

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