Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors
12:03

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors

Published on: June 7, 2016

18.0K

Endothelin and the Cardiovascular System: The Long Journey and Where We Are Going

Andreas Haryono1,2, Risa Ramadhiani2, Gusty Rizky Teguh Ryanto2

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.

Biology
|May 28, 2022
PubMed

Insights

The endothelin system plays a key role in cardiovascular diseases like hypertension. Endothelin receptor antagonists show varying success in treatment, with future therapies on the horizon.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Endothelin, a potent vasoconstrictor, was discovered over 30 years ago.
  • The endothelin system comprises three isoforms, two receptors, and two enzymes, crucial in cardiovascular physiology.
  • Dysregulation of the endothelin system is implicated in hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension, heart failure, and coronary artery disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the endothelin system's role in cardiovascular diseases.
  • To discuss the efficacy and limitations of current endothelin-targeting therapies.
  • To explore future directions for endothelin-based treatments in cardiovascular medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of preclinical and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases linked to the endothelin system.
  • Evaluation of the clinical outcomes of endothelin receptor antagonists.

Main Results:

  • The endothelin system is a critical factor in the development of major cardiovascular conditions.
  • Endothelin receptor antagonists have demonstrated varying degrees of therapeutic success.
  • Significant research has elucidated the basic functions and pathological roles of endothelin.

Conclusions:

  • The endothelin system is a validated therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases.
  • Further research is needed to optimize endothelin-targeting therapies for improved patient outcomes.
  • Future strategies may involve novel approaches to modulate the endothelin pathway.

Keywords:
coronary artery diseaseendothelinendothelin receptor antagonistheart failurehypertensionpulmonary hypertension

More Related Videos

Precision Cut Lung Slices as an Efficient Tool for Ex vivo Pulmonary Vessel Structure and Contractility Studies09:08

Precision Cut Lung Slices as an Efficient Tool for Ex vivo Pulmonary Vessel Structure and Contractility Studies

Published on: May 24, 2021

6.1K
Measurement of Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation in the Mouse Thoracic Aorta Using Tensometric Small Volume Chamber Myography09:47

Measurement of Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation in the Mouse Thoracic Aorta Using Tensometric Small Volume Chamber Myography

Published on: August 12, 2022

3.3K

Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure01:17

Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure

Endocrinal or hormonal intervention in the cardiovascular system is predominantly exerted by the catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine, as well as a slew of hormones that interact with renal function to modulate blood volume.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, catecholamines that enhance and extend the sympathetic or "fight or flight" physiological response. These hormones escalate heart rate and the force of contraction...
3.2K
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme...
232
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
99
Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is abundant in lung endothelial cells. ACE converts the inactive decapeptide, angiotensin I, into the active octapeptide, angiotensin II. This potent vasoconstrictor narrows blood vessels, increasing resistance to blood flow and elevating blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone production, encouraging kidney cells to reabsorb more sodium and water from urine, thereby increasing...
916
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
2.7K
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
67