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¹Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave. M-391, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 28, 2022

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Neurodevelopmental disorders arise from altered neuronal migration during development. This review explores normal brain development and malformations caused by abnormal neuron migration patterns.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Genetics

Background:

Neurodevelopmental disorders encompass conditions affecting brain development.
Neuronal migration is a critical process for normal brain formation.
Disruptions in neuronal migration lead to various brain malformations.

Purpose of the Study:

To review normal neuronal migration during brain development.
To discuss the spectrum of malformations resulting from abnormal neuronal migration.
To provide a framework for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders linked to migration defects.

Main Methods:

Literature review of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Analysis of cellular and molecular signaling in neuronal migration.

Keywords:

brain development migration disorders neurodevelopmental disorders

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Classification of migration abnormalities based on developmental outcomes.

Main Results:

Neurons normally migrate guided by molecular and cellular signals.
Abnormal migration includes failure to migrate, incomplete migration, incorrect organization, or over-migration.
These abnormalities result in distinct patterns of brain malformation.

Conclusions:

Understanding normal migration is key to understanding neurodevelopmental disorders.
Aberrant neuronal migration underlies a range of congenital brain malformations.
This review categorizes malformations based on specific migration defects.