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Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

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Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
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Plant Breeding and Biotechnology01:59

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Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
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The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Virus-induced Gene Silencing VIGS in Nicotiana benthamiana and Tomato
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RNA Interference: Promising Approach to Combat Plant Viruses.

Sehrish Akbar1, Yao Wei1, Mu-Qing Zhang1,2

  • 1Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology & State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spray-Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS) offers an effective, non-transgenic method for plant antiviral defense. This approach leverages RNA interference (RNAi) to combat plant viruses without genetic modification, overcoming limitations of older technologies.

Keywords:
RNA interference (RNAi)gene silencinghost-induced gene silencing (HIGS)spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS)virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS)

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Last Updated: Sep 21, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Plant pathology and molecular biology
  • Genetics and genomics
  • Agricultural science

Background:

  • Plant viruses pose significant threats to global crop yield and quality.
  • Plants possess innate defense mechanisms, notably RNA interference (RNAi), to combat pathogens.
  • RNA interference involves small RNAs (miRNA, siRNA) guiding Argonaute proteins to silence target genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanism of RNA interference (RNAi) in plant antiviral defense.
  • To compare different RNAi-based strategies for controlling plant viruses, including HIGS, VIGS, and SIGS.
  • To highlight Spray-Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS) as a promising, non-transgenic alternative.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of plant antiviral defense systems and RNA interference pathways.
  • Detailed explanation of small RNA biogenesis and function (miRNA, siRNA).
  • Comparative analysis of Host-Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS), Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS), and Spray-Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS).

Main Results:

  • RNA interference is a crucial plant defense mechanism against viral infections.
  • HIGS and VIGS face limitations including lengthy processes, off-target effects, and public concerns over GMOs.
  • SIGS provides efficient RNAi-mediated antiviral resistance without requiring genetically modified plants.

Conclusions:

  • SIGS represents a significant advancement in developing sustainable and accessible antiviral strategies for crops.
  • Further research into SIGS can optimize its application for broad-spectrum plant disease management.
  • Non-transgenic RNAi approaches like SIGS are essential for future agricultural resilience.