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Correction: Cernencu et al. 3D Bioprinting of Biosynthetic Nanocellulose-Filled GelMA Inks Highly Reliable for Soft Tissue-Oriented Constructs. <i>Materials</i> 2021, <i>14</i>, 4891.

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Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Fabrication of Size-Controlled and Emulsion-Free Chitosan-Genipin Microgels for Tissue Engineering Applications
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Chitosan-Based Materials Featuring Multiscale Anisotropy for Wider Tissue Engineering Applications.

George Mihail Vlăsceanu1,2, Mariana Ioniță1,2, Corina Cristiana Popescu1

  • 1Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed novel graphene oxide composites using fatty acid-modified chitosan. These stable, versatile biomaterials show promise for advanced biomedical applications due to their unique structure and properties.

Keywords:
EDC-NHS coupling mechanismchitosanfatty acid-grafted chitosangenipin crosslinkinggraphene oxide compositemultiscale anisotropic compositezero-dimensional coupling

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Chitosan-based materials are widely explored for biomedical uses.
  • Graphene oxide offers unique properties but requires functionalization for optimal integration.
  • Developing composite materials with tunable properties is crucial for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize novel graphene oxide composites with enhanced morphological and structural variability.
  • To investigate the self-organization and properties of fatty acid-coupled polysaccharide co-polymers.
  • To evaluate the potential of these composites for biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of N, O-acylated chitosan with palmitic and lauric acid.
  • Crosslinking of co-polymer with genipin and subsequent compositing with graphene oxide.
  • Characterization using FTIR, DLS, SEM, contact angle, nanoindentation, and in vitro assays.

Main Results:

  • FTIR confirmed multi-component interactions and modification.
  • Hydrophobic conjugation induced core-shell structuration, increasing surface roughness and hydrophilicity.
  • Nanoindentation revealed a durotaxis gradient due to self-organization and graphene embedment.
  • Composites exhibited enhanced stability against enzymatic degradation and reduced swelling.
  • In vitro tests showed promising viability, low cytotoxicity, and minimal inflammatory response, with potential antifouling properties.

Conclusions:

  • Fatty acid-coupled polysaccharide co-polymers create robust graphene oxide composites with heterogeneous architecture.
  • These materials demonstrate tunable properties and enhanced stability.
  • The developed substrates show significant promise for diverse biomedical applications.