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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

7.9K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
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Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
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RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

34.0K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
11:32

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection

Published on: December 4, 2010

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Nuclear mRNA Export and Aging.

Hyun-Sun Park1, Jongbok Lee2, Hyun-Shik Lee3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 50834, Korea.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear mRNA export is crucial for cellular aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Its dysregulation impairs growth, lifespan, and normal function, impacting nuclear pore complexes and permeability.

Keywords:
NPCTREXTREX-2lifespanmRNA exportneurodegenerative diseases

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Last Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Aging
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Transcription-aging relationship is well-studied, but nuclear mRNA export's role remains unclear.
  • Nuclear mRNA export factors (TREX, TREX-2, NPC) interact with transcription machinery.
  • Dysregulation of mRNA export causes nuclear mRNA accumulation, impacting growth, lifespan, and neurodegeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on nuclear mRNA export's role in cellular aging.
  • To explore the link between mRNA export defects and age-related neurodegenerative disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent experimental and theoretical studies.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms linking transcription, mRNA export, and aging.
  • Examination of the role of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) in cellular aging.

Main Results:

  • Nuclear mRNA export is tightly coupled with transcription and processing.
  • Defects in mRNA export factors lead to impaired cellular functions and lifespan.
  • NPC integrity is compromised during aging, affecting nuclear permeability.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear mRNA export is a critical determinant of cellular aging.
  • Dysfunctional mRNA export contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Maintaining NPC function is vital for healthy aging and preventing neurodegeneration.