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Fungal Priming: Prepare or Perish.

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Summary

Priming is an organism's mild stress exposure that enhances its response to future stress, improving survival. This adaptive response is found across diverse species and involves various molecular and epigenetic mechanisms.

Keywords:
acclimationacquired stress resistanceadaptive responsecross-protectionfungal priming

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Area of Science:

  • Biology
  • Ecology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Priming, also known as acquired stress resistance, is a phenomenon where mild stress exposure enhances an organism's response to subsequent, stronger stress.
  • This adaptive response is crucial for survival in dynamic environments and has been observed across diverse taxa, including animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define priming and explore its broad occurrence in nature.
  • To highlight the survival advantages conferred by priming.
  • To provide examples of priming in different organisms and its underlying mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on priming.
  • Identification and categorization of priming examples across different kingdoms of life.
  • Analysis of molecular and epigenetic mechanisms involved in priming.

Main Results:

  • Priming is a conserved biological response observed in animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria.
  • Examples include innate immune priming and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in animals, and biotic/abiotic stress priming in plants, fungi, and bacteria.
  • Priming involves diverse molecular changes, including altered mRNA, protein, and metabolite levels, as well as epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation and histone acetylation.

Conclusions:

  • Priming represents a fundamental adaptive strategy for organisms facing environmental challenges.
  • The diverse mechanisms underlying priming underscore its evolutionary significance.
  • Further research into priming can reveal novel strategies for enhancing stress resilience in various organisms.