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Stress Relaxation Behavior of Additively Manufactured Polylactic Acid (PLA).

Alcide Bertocco1, Matteo Bruno1, Enrico Armentani1

  • 1Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
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Summary

This study explores 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) stress relaxation, revealing how printing factors like infill and thermal treatments influence its viscous behavior for better material modeling.

Keywords:
additive manufacturinganalytical fittingexperimental mechanicspolylactic acid (PLA)stress relaxationviscoelasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • 3D printed polymers, particularly polylactic acid (PLA), exhibit complex mechanical behaviors.
  • Understanding the viscoelastic properties, such as stress relaxation, is crucial for predicting the performance of additively manufactured components.
  • Printing parameters significantly influence the final properties of 3D printed materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate and analytically model the stress relaxation behavior of 3D printed PLA.
  • To analyze the impact of printing parameters (infill orientation, outer walls) on PLA's tensile and stress relaxation properties.
  • To evaluate the effect of thermal conditioning treatments on the viscoelastic response of 3D printed PLA.

Main Methods:

  • Quasi-static tensile characterization of additively manufactured PLA samples.
  • Stress relaxation tests conducted at three different strain levels on conditioned and unconditioned specimens.
  • Comparison and analysis of analytical predictive models for the viscous behavior of the material.

Main Results:

  • Printing parameters, specifically infill orientation and outer wall presence, were found to affect the tensile properties and stress relaxation behavior of 3D printed PLA.
  • Thermal conditioning treatments altered the material's tensile properties.
  • The study compared analytical models, highlighting the influence of printing parameters on the viscous behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully characterized and modeled the stress relaxation of 3D printed PLA.
  • Printing parameters and thermal treatments are critical factors influencing the mechanical and viscoelastic performance of 3D printed PLA.
  • The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing 3D printing processes and material selection for specific applications.