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Summary

This study introduces a conductance-aware quantization method to improve the accuracy of deep neural networks (DNNs) using resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) crossbar arrays. The new method effectively addresses non-linear ReRAM device behavior, enhancing in-memory computing performance.

Keywords:
ReRAMconductance-aware quantizationnon-linear conductance levels

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) offers a path towards in-memory computing, aiming to overcome the limitations of traditional von Neumann architectures.
  • ReRAM crossbar arrays (RCAs) are crucial for accelerating deep neural network (DNN) computations, particularly multiplication-and-accumulation (MAC) operations.
  • Non-linear conductance distribution in ReRAM devices causes significant deviations when mapping quantized weights, leading to reduced inference accuracy in RCA-based DNNs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a quantization method that mitigates accuracy degradation caused by ReRAM's non-linear conductance characteristics.
  • To propose a solution that is adaptable to various ReRAM devices and robust against device variations.

Main Methods:

  • A minimum error substitution technique based on conductance-aware quantization was developed.
  • The proposed method quantizes weights considering the non-linear conductance distribution of ReRAM devices.
  • The method was evaluated on established DNN models like LeNet5, AlexNet, and VGG16.

Main Results:

  • The conductance-aware quantization method significantly reduces the deviation between ideal weights and actual ReRAM conductance values.
  • The proposed method demonstrates resilience to different non-linear conductance profiles and device variations.
  • Simulations confirmed substantial accuracy recovery for RCA-based DNNs compared to traditional linear quantization methods.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed minimum error substitution and conductance-aware quantization method effectively resolves the accuracy degradation issue in ReRAM-based DNNs.
  • This approach enhances the practical viability of ReRAM for efficient in-memory computing applications.
  • The method offers a robust solution for deploying DNNs on ReRAM hardware, improving inference accuracy and reliability.