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Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
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Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
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Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
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Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
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Characterizing Microbiome Dynamics &#8211; Flow Cytometry Based Workflows from Pure Cultures to Natural Communities
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Cryptic Diversity in Paramecium multimicronucleatum Revealed with a Polyphasic Approach.

Maksim Melekhin1,2, Yulia Yakovleva1, Natalia Lebedeva3

  • 1Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Microorganisms
|May 28, 2022
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Summary

Two new Paramecium species, Paramecium lynni and Paramecium fokini, were identified using molecular and morphological data. Paramecium fokini is a cryptic species, distinguishable from Paramecium multimicronucleatum only by molecular methods.

Keywords:
biogeographyciliatescryptic speciesmicronucleusmulti-loci phylogenetic analysisspecies concept in protists

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Systematics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Paramecium systematics is well-studied, with approximately twenty described morphological species.
  • Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest higher species diversity and the presence of cryptic species within Paramecium.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide morphological and molecular characterization of two novel Paramecium species.
  • To investigate the reliability of traditional morphological features for Paramecium species identification.

Main Methods:

  • Morphological characterization of Paramecium species.
  • Molecular phylogenetic analyses.
  • Micronuclear structure and number analysis.

Main Results:

  • Two novel species, Paramecium lynni n. sp. and Paramecium fokini n. sp., were identified.
  • Paramecium lynni is phylogenetically distinct, while Paramecium fokini is a cryptic sister species to Paramecium multimicronucleatum.
  • Micronuclear characteristics are unreliable for species discrimination due to intra- and inter-species variation.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular data are crucial for identifying cryptic Paramecium species.
  • Morphological characteristics can be unstable and overlapping, limiting their use in species identification.
  • Geographic distribution patterns do not currently define speciation in Paramecium, but may play a role.