Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodonium Alkynyl Triflates for the Application of Generating Cyanocarbenes
Published on: September 8, 2013
First Trifluoromethylated Phenanthrolinediamides: Synthesis, Structure, Stereodynamics and Complexation with Ln(III)
Yuri A Ustynyuk1, Pavel S Lemport1, Vitaly A Roznyatovsky1
1Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, GSP-1, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Abstract:
The first examples of 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-diamides bearing CF3-groups on the side amide substituents were synthesized. Due to stereoisomerism and amide rotation, such complexes have complicated behavior in solutions. Using advanced NMR techniques and X-ray analysis, their structures were completely elucidated. The possibility of the formation of complex compounds with lanthanoids nitrates was shown, and the constants of their stability are quantified. The results obtained are explained in terms of quantum-chemical calculations.
Related Concept Videos
Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene
Stereoisomerism
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3
Structural Isomerism
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...

