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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.0K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.2K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.2K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

9.7K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.1K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.1K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

1.7K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Structure-Based Simulation and Sampling of Transcription Factor Protein Movements along DNA from Atomic-Scale Stepping to Coarse-Grained Diffusion
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Dynamics of Spin Crossover Molecular Complexes.

Thilini K Ekanayaka1, Krishna Prasad Maity2, Bernard Doudin2

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Spin crossover (SCO) molecular complexes switch states quickly when reduced to the nanoscale. This size reduction is key for developing fast-switching SCO devices with memory capabilities.

Keywords:
intermediate excited statespump and probespin crossover moleculesspin state switching speedtime domain laser spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Physics

Background:

  • Spin crossover (SCO) molecular complexes exhibit changes in electron spin states.
  • These changes are often triggered by external stimuli like light.
  • Understanding the dynamics of these spin state changes is crucial for potential applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of spin state switching timescales and mechanisms in transition metal-based SCO complexes.
  • To highlight the role of nanoscale engineering in enhancing SCO material performance.
  • To discuss the implications of SCO nanoscale systems for device applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of time-resolved experimental data, primarily optical techniques.
  • Analysis of factors influencing spin state transitions, including intermediate states, intermolecular interactions, temperature, and strain.
  • Investigation of nanoscale effects on SCO material properties.

Main Results:

  • Optically driven spin state transitions in SCO materials are complex, involving multiple factors.
  • Nanoscale reduction is essential for achieving rapid switching speeds in SCO systems.
  • Nanoscale SCO materials can potentially retain memory of their light-driven state.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoscale SCO systems are critical for developing advanced devices requiring fast switching speeds.
  • Further research into nanoscale SCO materials will accelerate their integration into technological applications.
  • The interplay of intrinsic properties and external factors governs SCO dynamics, with nanoscale design offering significant advantages.