Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution01:10

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution

3.8K
For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only situation in which the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight are equal is when a polymer consists only of chains with equal molecular weight. However, this never happens in a synthetic polymer, since it is difficult to control the polymerization process up to a molecular level with accuracy to a hundred percent.
3.8K
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

2.3K
The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
2.3K
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

2.3K
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
2.3K
Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight01:01

Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight

3.1K
Unlike small molecules with definite molecular weights, polymers are a mixture of individual polymer chains of varying lengths, each with a unique molecular weight.  So, the molecular weight of a polymer is expressed as an average value based on the average size of the polymer chains. The two most common forms of averages used for polymers are the number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight.
The number average molecular weight (Mn) is the summation of the number...
3.1K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.7K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
3.7K
Polymers02:34

Polymers

37.5K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
37.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Fault Detection in 3D Printing: A Study on Sensor Positioning and Vibrational Patterns.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Self-Powered Self-Contained Wireless Vibration Synchronous Sensor for Fault Detection.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2022
Same author

Investigations of Fused Deposition Modeling for Perovskite Active Solar Cells.

Polymers·2022
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Characterizing Dissipative Elastic Metamaterials Produced by Additive Manufacturing
09:39

Characterizing Dissipative Elastic Metamaterials Produced by Additive Manufacturing

Published on: June 28, 2024

1.1K

Experimental Modal Analysis and Characterization of Additively Manufactured Polymers.

Hieu Tri Nguyen1, Kelly Crittenden2, Leland Weiss1,2

  • 1Institute for Micromanufacturing, College of Engineering and Science, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA.

Polymers
|May 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Adhesion type significantly impacts 3D printed structures

Keywords:
3D printed materials3D printed polymersABScharacterization of 3D printed structuresexperimental modal analysisfused deposition modeling

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Fiber Composite Laminate Quality with the Wet Hand Lay-Up/Vacuum Bag Process
09:54

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Fiber Composite Laminate Quality with the Wet Hand Lay-Up/Vacuum Bag Process

Published on: June 30, 2023

2.4K
Disentangling High Strength Copolymer Aramid Fibers to Enable the Determination of Their Mechanical Properties
06:02

Disentangling High Strength Copolymer Aramid Fibers to Enable the Determination of Their Mechanical Properties

Published on: September 1, 2018

7.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 21, 2025

Characterizing Dissipative Elastic Metamaterials Produced by Additive Manufacturing
09:39

Characterizing Dissipative Elastic Metamaterials Produced by Additive Manufacturing

Published on: June 28, 2024

1.1K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Fiber Composite Laminate Quality with the Wet Hand Lay-Up/Vacuum Bag Process
09:54

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Fiber Composite Laminate Quality with the Wet Hand Lay-Up/Vacuum Bag Process

Published on: June 30, 2023

2.4K
Disentangling High Strength Copolymer Aramid Fibers to Enable the Determination of Their Mechanical Properties
06:02

Disentangling High Strength Copolymer Aramid Fibers to Enable the Determination of Their Mechanical Properties

Published on: September 1, 2018

7.2K

Area of Science:

  • Additive Manufacturing
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • 3D printed components are increasingly used in dynamic structures subjected to dynamic loads.
  • Existing research primarily examines mechanical properties, neglecting modal analysis.
  • Modal analysis is crucial for understanding the dynamic behavior of structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct experimental modal analysis of 3D printed structures.
  • To investigate the influence of adhesion type on modal parameters.
  • To correlate adhesion methods with structural vibration response.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental modal analysis was performed on 3D printed specimens.
  • Comparison of vibration response between skirt and raft adhesion types.
  • Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis to examine layer morphology.

Main Results:

  • Skirt adhesion significantly improved modal parameters compared to raft adhesion.
  • Average dynamic modulus, natural frequency, and damping coefficient increased by 12.5%, 5.5%, and 36% respectively with skirt adhesion.
  • SEM revealed flattened layers with skirt adhesion (enhanced heat transfer) versus rounded layers with raft adhesion.

Conclusions:

  • Adhesion type is the primary factor influencing modal analysis results in 3D printed structures.
  • Skirt adhesion enhances inter-layer bonding and heat transfer, leading to improved stiffness, natural frequency, and damping.
  • Optimized adhesion strategies are key for enhancing the dynamic performance of 3D printed components.